Type of Diode Power electronics Device and their symbols plus V -I characteristic (Diode section)

 Power electronics Device and their symbols plus V -I characteristic

1) Diode 

Two types of diode 

i) Germanium

Germanium diodes have the advantage of an intrinsically low forward voltage drop, typically 0.3 volts; this low forward voltage drop results in a low power loss and more efficient diode, making it superior in many ways to the silicon diode.

ii) Silicon

A diode is an electrical switch commonly made of semiconductor material, such as silicon. It consists of two terminals: positive (anode) and negative (cathode). It is often used as a rectifier, which is a device that converts AC to DC with current flowing in one direction.

V-I Characteristic of Diode

Sub type of Diode

schottky Diode

A Schottky diode is one type of electronic component, which is also known as a barrier diode. It is widely used in different applications like a mixer, in radio frequency applications, and as a rectifier in power applications. It's a low voltage diode. The power drop is lower compared to the PN junction diodes.

Shockley Diode

The Shockley diode (named after physicist William Shockley) is a four-layer semiconductor diode, which was one of the first semiconductor devices invented. It is a PN-PN diode, with alternating layers of P-type and N-type material. It is equivalent to a thyristor with a disconnected gate.

Invented: William Shockley

Constant current Diode

A constant current diode, also called a current limiting diode (CLD), is an electronic device that regulates or limits current to a maximum value. This is important as it protects your circuit from harmful effects in the event of a short-circuit.

Zener Diode

A Zener diode is a special type of diode designed to reliably allow current to flow "backwards" when a certain set reverse voltage, known as the Zener voltage, is reached. Zener diodes are manufactured with a great variety of Zener voltages and some are even variable

Light -emitting Diode

An LED is electronic device that emits light when sufficient current flows throughout the object. LED is very heavily doped.

Photo Diode

A photodiode is a semiconductor device that converts light into an electrical current. The current is generated when photons are absorbed in the photodiode. Photodiodes may contain optical filters, built-in lenses, and may have large or small surface areas.

Working principle: Converts light into current

Pin configuration: A & K

Step Recovery Diode

The step recovery diode or SRD is a form of semiconductor diode that can be used as a charge controlled switch and it has the ability to generate very sharp pulses. The step recovery diode, SRD is a rather specialist device that finds a number of applications in microwave radio frequency electronics.

Tunnel Diode

A tunnel diode (also known as a Esaki diode) is a type of semiconductor diode that has effectively “negative resistance” due to the quantum mechanical effect called tunneling. Tunnel diodes have a heavily doped pn junction that is about 10 nm wide.

Varactor Diode

Definition: The diode whose internal capacitance varies with the variation of the reverse voltage such type of diode is known as the Varactor diode. It is used for storing the charge. The varactor diode always works in reverse bias, and it is a voltage-dependent semiconductor device.

PIN Diode

A PIN diode is a diode with a wide, undoped intrinsic semiconductor region between a p-type semiconductor and an n-type semiconductor region. The p-type and n-type regions are typically heavily doped because they are used for ohmic contacts. The wide intrinsic region is in contrast to an ordinary p–n diode.

Vacuum Tube Diode

this diode is first ever diode invented by pysicist

A vacuum tube, an electron tube, valve (British usage) or tube (North America),is a device that controls electric current flow in a high vacuum between electrodes to which an electric potential difference has been applied.

The type known as a thermionic tube or thermionic valve uses the phenomenon of thermionic emission of electrons from a hot cathode and is used for a number of fundamental electronic functions such as signal amplification and current rectification. Non-thermionic types, such as a vacuum phototube however, achieve electron emission through the photoelectric effect, and are used for such purposes as the detection of light intensities. In both types, the electrons are accelerated from the cathode to the anode by the electric field in the tube.

The simplest vacuum tube, the diode, invented in 1904 by John Ambrose Fleming, contains only a heated electron-emitting cathode and an anode. Electrons can only flow in one direction through the device—from the cathode to the anode. Adding one or more control grids within the tube allows the current between the cathode and anode to be controlled by the voltage on the grids.

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I am engineer not artist or digital creator i'm just beginner here not aware many rules

Arduino Error l What step to solve error #include in Arduino l Error solution in Arduino? Electrical engineering

 

If you find  error in Arduino using ESP8266 WIFI module? 

• Follow the steps!

• Then solution is here  NODEMCU card with the Arduino IDE, you need to customize it and you must have selected the correct card.

  Open Arduino IDE and go to files and click on the preference in the Arduino IDE.

• If you find similar error?

1. Add the following link to the Additional Manager URLS section:

 

 GO  ---- > File --->  Preferences  after that past this link

 Add the following link to the Additional Manager URLS section: "http://arduino.esp8266.com/stable/package_esp8266com_index.json"

and press the OK button.

2. The next step is Go yo tools .

Then click Tools> Board Manager. Type "ESP8266" in the text box to search and install the ESP8266 software for Arduino IDE.

Install the file and if you find some error then install Lower version such as 2.5.1.

Now finally  you have to go SKETCH  

• Click Sketch > Include Library > Manage Libraries, search for ESP8266WiFi and then install with the latest version.

After above steps, you should compile the sketch normally.